In the summer of 2005, the summer after I finished my PhD, I was presented with an opportunity: For the first time in years (at least seven), I didn’t have anything I should be reading. I was no longer receiving reading assignments, I was no longer looking far and wide for those last sources that would add to my dissertation, and—for the moment, at least—I was not (re)reading along with my students.
I was free.
So I took full advantage. I read more than 30 books that summer—whatever I wanted. And I enjoyed it. Immensely.
But then, I’ve always been a reader. In fact, in high school, I would both forgo homework and stay up way too late reading what I wanted to read. I always had a stack of library books, I usually bought from the wire racks of best-sellers in the grocery store, and I’d jump at any chance or excuse to go to the mall, so I could hang out at the bookstore (a proclivity that later morphed into always knowing where the Barnes and Noble or the Borders was).
If you read here, you know that, though I may have slowed from my 30 books per season pace (I am currently on pace for 30 books in a year in 2009), I still, four years after I rediscovered that freedom, read at a fairly good clip, and read pretty much what I want to read. And the more I read, and the more I revel in my personal love of reading, the more I’m annoyed by a great number of people who share—or who hope one day to share—the broadest statement of my profession: English Professors.
But to be clear: I am not a literature Professor. In the twelve years I have been teaching English at the college level, I have taught exactly one literature course. One. (And this discussion will likely come back to that.)
And it’s mostly literature professors, and their aspirants, that annoy me. No, check that; they piss me off. They piss me off in great measure by insisting that the canon of literature is something that must be protected. To them, it’s sacred, and a canonized book is, to them, no less venerable than a canonized saint is to the most devout Roman Catholic.
I first ran afoul of this belief when I was working on my master’s degree. It had little to do with my own studies, of course, as by that time I had already made my transition into studying writing, rhetoric, and composition full-time. So it wasn’t like I wanted to read non-canonical works and was bucking the system of the program. Instead, I was slated, in the fall of my second year, to be a TA (in the most traditional, non-English sense of working with a professor in his class) in Dr. Jim Egan’s “Fantasy Literature” class—a class which I had enjoyed immensely as an undergrad. But, as registration began, Jim was informed by the Assistant Chair of the department that there were too many course offerings in non-canonical literature, and would he please agree to teach “17th Century Poetry” instead? Of course, the polite request for a voluntary change was only a front, and the message was clear—he would be teaching the poetry course whether he wanted to or not. So I ended up TAing in the poetry course (of course, as a senior I had completed an independent study with Jim on Renaissance literature—particularly the literature of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation in England—so I wasn’t at a total loss).
But that was the first time I encountered this notion of “too much” non-canonical literature. And an in-depth course on the poetry of Shakespeare, Milton, Donne, and others can be fun, in an über-dorky kind of way. But I had my heart set on the range of speculative fiction Jim covered in the Fantasy course, so I was pissed (as was Jim, actually).
That was the first time, but it certainly wasn’t the last. Most places where I’ve worked as a professor, there’s been at least one of my colleagues hell-bent on “preserving the canon.” But, seriously, what does it mean to “preserve the canon”? To answer this question, I think we need to look at the reasons why we read, when we do.
Because It’s Good. Let’s be really, really honest for a moment. Most of us who read when we don’t have to (when it’s not assigned to us), read for pleasure. Because the story, the characters, and the writing itself give us pleasure (or, in the case of nonfiction, because the subject matter and the writing do). Because we enjoy what we’re reading. I read Stephen King and Dean Koontz for this reason; I also read William Faulkner, Thomas Hardy, and Charles Dickens for this reason. I read Shakespeare for this reason, too. Malcolm Gladwell, Thomas Friedman, and Lawrence Lessig, too. I enjoy reading these writers’ writing. Period.
Because It’s Important. The books of many writers may not be great in the sense of “fun to read,” but they’re important in terms of the flow of ideas down through the centuries, and in terms of the development of language and literary forms. The nice part here, though, is that very few writers ever single-handedly revolutionized language or literary form, and the play of ideas goes on over long spans of time within and among any number of cultures. We can, then, read follow those developments and find what we think is good among them. Why, there are even those who (gasp!) prefer Marlowe to Shakespeare.
Because It’s There. This works a couple of ways. I know that, for myself, I’m prone to trying a writer or a book, simply because it’s available to me. Give the new kid a chance, and all that. But it also works in terms of a writer or that writer’s work having stood the test of time (which ties into both good and important, too, in interesting ways). Of course, sometimes this latter is just the luck of the draw, too.
These three reasons, I think, cover most of the reading we do. Hopefully, they cover it in some combination. But when it comes to the canon, we’re often asked (forced?) to substitute someone else’s judgment for our own. We’re required to take someone’s word for the goodness, the importance, or putting the two together the “greatness” of the work that is there.
I find this funny—when I don’t find it infuriating.
It’s funny because we all (I think even the staunchest, sternest, most old-school defender of the canon among literature professors) snigger at the scene in the film Dead Poets’ Society where the students are encouraged by their literature textbook to draw a graph, charting a poem’s greatness. (Damn, I need to watch that movie again!) We cannot, most seem to believe, mathematically compute or numerically represent the greatness of a work of literature.
But, to many of these stalwart defenders, even though greatness cannot be computed, it can be known and taught. And when it comes to what’s great and what’s not, there are right and wrong answers. There is literature, there is fiction, and—worst of all—there is popular fiction (which, to many of these folks is the rightful heir and successor to the “penny dreadfuls” of the 19th century and the pulp-novels of the early 20th.
I think it’s this snobbishness that most angers me, at least in part because it ignores that many of today’s canonical writers (that simultaneous highlight and bugbear of the canon, Shakespeare, foremost among them) were incredibly popular in their day—and not just—or perhaps not even—among the erudite intelligentsia. In the days of the original Globe, The Bard’s players played to packed houses—houses where the lower classes came to stand in the mud and hear/see the stories.
And when an installment of Charles Dickens’s The Old Curiosity Shop was arriving in Baltimore, so many fans gathered on the dock where the ship from England was approaching that several were knocked off the dock into the water and drowned.
Yet no one faults Shakespeare or Dickens for having been popular. And no one faults them for having written about ghosts, either (before someone raises a subject matter argument). Ghosts, after all, a the central conceit of both Hamlet and A Christmas Carol, and Shakespeare also wrote about fairies and magic (A Midsummer Night’s Dream and The Tempest, respectively).
In short, and with apologies to the alarmists who would have us believe otherwise, there are no literary barbarians at the gates. The best of our contemporary popular novelists are, in fact, writers on par with the best writers of yesteryear as represented in the canon. A writer today needs not suffer poor (literary) circulation to be good enough or smart enough to warrant consideration. Success is not a mark of illegitimacy, and it’s simply boorish to claim otherwise.
Many of the canon’s writers were successful in their own way and in their own day. Reading (and even—gasp!—teaching) what’s good and what’s important from any and every era is what the study of the written word should be about. Writing need not be centuries old, or obscure, or incomprehensible to be good, to convey deeper meaning, to explore human truth, to be worth reading, exploring, understanding, and loving.
If we follow that line of thinking, the canon will take care of itself, don’t you think?